Part III.—Fundamental Rights.—Arts. 18–19.
Abolition of titles.
I8. (I) No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State.
(2) No citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreign State.
(3) No person, who is not a citizen of India shall, while he holds any office of profit or trust under the State, accept without the consent of the President any title from any foreign State.
(4) No person holding any office of profit or trust under the State shall, without the consent of the President, accept any present, emolument, or office of any kind from or under any foreign State.
Right to Freedom
Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
[१]19. (1) All citizens shall have the right—
- (a) to freedom of speech and expression;
- (b) to assemble peaceably and without arms;
- (c) to form associations or unions;
- (d) to move freely throughout the territory of India;
- (e) to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India;
- (f) to acquire, hold and dispose of property; and
- (g) to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
[२][(2) Nothing in sub-clause (a) of clause (I) shall affect the operation of any existing law, or prevent the State from making any law, in so far as such law imposes reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause in the interests of the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.]
- ↑ In its application to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, for a period of five years from the 14th May, 1954 art. 19 shall be subject to the following modifications :—
- "(i) in clauses (3) and (4), after the words "in the interests of", the words "the security of the State or" shall be inserted;
- (ii) in clause (5), for the words or for the protection of the interests of any "Scheduled Tribe", the words "or in the interests of the security of the State" shall be substituted; and
- (iii) the following new clause shall be added, namely:—
- (7) The words "reasonable restrictions" occuring in clauses (2), (3), (4) and (5) shall be construed as meaning such restrictions as the appropriate Legislature deems reasonable."
- ↑ Subs. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 3, for the original cl. (2) with retrospective effect.
