2 PADUMAWATI. [1 — 4 All things are so made by Him, that naugit is -worthy to be compared Tfith Him. First take I His name, and thea ia deep thought do I begin' my story. 2. He made the seven* shoreless oceans, and He made the mountains of Meru and Kukhanda. ^ Rivers made He, and streams and springs ; croco- diles and fish made He of many kinds. He made the oyster shell, and the pearl which filleth it ; He made many flawless gems. Forests made He and roots ; * tall trees made He, palmyras and date palms. He made the wild animals ^ which dwell in the forest ; He made the fowl which fly whither they will. He made colours, white and black; He made sleep, and hunger, and rest. He made the betel-leaf and flowers, and the pleasures of taste ; many medicines made He and many sicknesses. He made them in less than the twinkling of an eye ; all made He in a single instant. He fixed the Heavens in space without a pillar, and without a prop. 3. He made man, and gave him dominion ; He made grain for his food. He made the king who taketh pleasure in his kingdom ; He made elephants and horses for his array. He made for him many delights ; some made He lords, and others slaves. Wealth made He from which cometh pride ; He made lonEfings which none can satisfy. Ho made life which all men ever desire ; He made death, from which none can escape. Happiness made He and myriads of joys; sorrow made He, and care and doubt. ^ Some made He poor and others rich ; He made prosperity and very deep adversity. Some made He weak, and others strong. From ashes made He all, and again turned He all to ashes. 4. He made agallocbum, musk, and the scented ^7ias grass ; He -made the camphors, — hli'imasenil and cena.^ He made the snake in whose month dwelleth poison ; He made the snake-charm which carrieth ofl' the bite. He made the Water of Life, which giveth eternal life to him who getteth it ; He made the poison, which is death to him who eateth it. He made the sugarcane filled with sweet juice ; He made the acrid ci-eeper with its manifold fruit. He made the honey which the bee stores in its home ; He made the humble bee, the birds and winged creatures. He made the fox, the rat and the ant ; He made many creatures which dig the earth and dwell therein. He made demons, goblins and ghosts ; He made ghouls and Bevas and Baitxjas. 1 Two Urdu glosses translate augali by fjr^ ^ meaning for which I can find no other anthority. It means literally to plunge into water, hence to be immersed in anything, to have the mind fnlly occnpied. 8 These encircle the seven continents (liwpas) mentioned in 1. 5. Their names are, Lavana (or Ksara), Iksn, Sura (or Madya), Ghrta, Dadhi, Dugdha, Jala. The author, in the description of the seven seas, later on, gives a different enumeration, viz., Khara, Khira, Dadhi, Jala, Sum, Udadhi, Kilakila. 8 Meru is the well-known monntain. It represents the northern hemisphere or pole, and is the abode of the Gods. Kukhanda is Knmeru, the southern hemisphere or pole, the region of the daityas or demons. The poet has mixed this up with Ki^kiudha, also to the south of Oudh, and has confounded the two names.
- Jari is a root used for medicine, and miiri is a root used for food.
6 Siluja is any animal used for food. 6 Two Urdi glosses translate daitda by ^ grief, but the dictionary meaning of the word is enmity {drcandwa). Here it means opposition of ideas, doubt. 7 The Bhlmasena-karpSra of Sanskrit. 8 The Cina-karpura of Sanskrit..
